In computational complexity theory, P and NP are two classes of problems. P is the class of decision problems that a deterministic Turing machine can solve in polynomial time. In useful terms, any ...

Constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) provide a versatile framework for modelling complex decision-making tasks where a collection of variables must be allocated values that satisfy specific ...

Quantum computers get a lot of people excited because they solve problems in a manner that’s fundamentally different from existing hardware. A certain class of mathematical problems, called ...

They have a mathematical, analog “solver” that can potentially find the best solution to NP-hard problems. NP-hardness is a theory of computational complexity, with problems that are famous for their ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract In this paper, we study the long-standing open question regarding the computational complexity of one of the core problems in supply chains ...

NP-complete problems, including optimal routing, scheduling and network design, are foundational to essential tasks across various industries. However, they actually pose challenges for conventional ...