Autoregressive LLMs generate text by sampling from estimated probability distributions over the next token, conditional on prior context. We use these probabilities to construct an entropy-based ...

Motivated by problems that arise in computing degrees of belief, we consider the problem of computing asymptotic conditional probabilities for first-order sentences. Given first-order sentences φ and ...

Philosophy of Science, Vol. 50, No. 1 (Mar., 1983), pp. 82-95 (14 pages) The conditional probability of h given e is commonly claimed to be equal to the probability that h would have if e were learned ...

Determining True HER2 Gene Status in Breast Cancers With Polysomy by Using Alternative Chromosome 17 Reference Genes: Implications for Anti-HER2 Targeted Therapy The disease outcome for patients with ...

Observing, gathering knowledge and making predictions are the foundations of the scientific process. The accuracy of our predictions depends on the quality of our present knowledge and accuracy of our ...

"Yes or no: was there once life on Mars?" I can't say. "What about intelligent life?"' That seems most unlikely, but again, I can't really say. The simple yes-or-no framework has no place for shadings ...