All sorts of physical processes in this analog world exhibit some degree of randomness. Think of noise, for example. Many noisy processes are described by Gaussian probability distributions. We should ...

Gaussian processes offer a versatile framework to model and analyse continuous random phenomena, making them particularly useful in quantifying the probability of ruin in financial and insurance ...

The generation of synthetic market data is widely seen as one of the most promising applications of sophisticated artificial intelligence models, such as generative adversarial networks (GANs) and ...

Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...