The signal integrity analysis of high-speed electronic designs requires that the interconnect models be valid over a wide bandwidth. To represent the frequency-dependent behavior of a complex ...

A scattering matrix (or S parameter matrix) can be used to describe coupler performance with any passive termination. The S parameters within the matrix are measured using terminations which are equal ...

This article appeared in Microwaves & RF and has been published here with permission. Phase stability means reliable performance in specific test-and-measurement applications that call for a close ...