Some brief theory and typical measurements of phase noise. Standard analysis of PLL phase noise used by most CAD applications. How to produce the lowest phase noise at a PLL output. A standard design ...

New research offers clearer insight into how phase transitions unfold at the atomic scale in real materials. When ice turns into water, the change happens almost instantly. Once the melting ...

X-ray diffraction (XRD) is a powerful non-destructive analytical technique used to evaluate crystalline materials and determine their structural properties. As one of the most widely used ...

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WD-XRF) enables up to 83 elements of the periodic table to be measured in samples of multiple forms and nature: liquids or solids, conductive or ...