tRNAs have a distinct cloverleaf secondary structure and an L-shaped tertiary structure. The cloverleaf structure is formed by the folding of the single-stranded tRNA molecule, which is typically ...

The ribosome, that protein-making machine, relies on other, smaller machines. For example, it works in concert with a mechanism that supplies amino-acid-carrying tRNAs, including tRNAs that require ...

Archaeosine is synthesized via three steps in tRNA. ArcS, the second-step enzyme, transfers a lysine to preQ 0, which is introduced into tRNA by ArcTGT, the first-step enzyme. The resultant preQ 0-Lys ...

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) are ubiquitous enzymes that provide the critical link between the genetic code and protein biosynthesis. By precisely catalysing the attachment of amino acids to ...

Loss of TRMT10A led to a decrease in the levels of initiator methionine tRNA (tRNA iMet) and a specific glutamine tRNA (tRNA Gln). This reduction weakened the initiation of protein synthesis for ...

Modified nucleosides within RNA are involved in maintaining and regulating the protein synthesis system. Archaeosine is a modified nucleoside found only in the tRNAs from archaea, the so-called third ...

Scientists at the University of California, Santa Cruz, have trapped the ribosome, a protein-building molecular machine essential to all life, in a key transitional state that has long eluded ...

Gene editing can repair mutations that prematurely halt protein synthesis, resulting in incomplete peptides that cause various diseases. However, other approaches achieve the same effect without ...

During protein synthesis, the genetic information stored in DNA is first transcribed into mRNA. The mRNA then travels to the ribosome, where translation occurs. Here's how anticodons facilitate the ...