In this post, the last of a five-part series, we will acquire an understanding of various theories that emphasize the importance of top-down signaling in shaping and enabling conscious perception.

Since the dawn of human consciousness, people have grappled with the problem of what it is and how it works. In academic circles, this is formally known as “the hard problem of consciousness.” David ...

In the 1990s Australian philosopher David Chalmers framed the challenge of distinguishing between the “easy” problems and the “hard” problem of consciousness. Easy problems involve explaining behavior ...

What is the best way to understand consciousness? In philosophy, centuries-old debates continue to rage over whether the Universe is divided, following René Descartes, into ‘mind stuff’ and ‘matter ...

A neuroscientist clad in gold and red and a philosopher sheathed in black took the stage before a packed, murmuring auditorium at New York University on Friday night. The two men were grinning, ...

Meditate on this Zen Buddhist koan (a paradox used to train Zen Buddhist monks) long enough, promises neuroscientist Nikolay Kukushkin at the start of his book, and the origins of mind, and perhaps ...