Medically reviewed by Jeffrey S. Lander, MD Key Takeaways Venous hypertension is high blood pressure in the veins, often in ...

In normal conditions, contraction of lower extremity muscles and working intraluminal valves promote the forward flow of blood within veins. In venous insufficiency, reflux and/or obstruction in the ...

The human circulatory system shares several fundamental principles with closed-loop fluid transport systems commonly used in industrial applications. In both cases, a pump generates the driving force ...

Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is one of those health conditions that quietly affects millions, yet many people don’t ...