Chemical equilibria in reactive systems underpin many natural and industrial processes, where the interplay between chemical reactions and phase separations yields complex behaviours. In these systems ...

Liquid–liquid equilibria (LLE) in ternary systems concerns the conditions under which a three-component mixture divides into two immiscible liquid phases. At the heart of these phenomena is a delicate ...

Researchers used cloud point measurements to construct a phase diagram. The solid lines represent the droplet density, while the dashed lines represent the solution density. Crystallization is a ...