Abstract: This article introduces a low-power spintronic rotary encoder capable of 8-bit analog-to-digital conversion. The proposed encoder leverages spin-Hall effect-driven domain wall motion ...

Abstract: Angular momenta of electromagnetic waves are important both in concepts and applications. In this work, we systematically discuss two types of angular momenta, i.e., spin angular momentum ...

Gray code is a systematic ordering of binary numbers in a way that each successive value differs from the previous one in ...

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